Refractive Errors

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Also known as nearsightedness, occurs when objects are blurry at a distance and clear up close. 

Also referred to as farsightedness, causes more difficulties seeing objects up close. Depending on the severity of hyperopia, distance objects may also become blurry.

Most often caused by an irregularly shaped cornea, astigmatism may result in blurred vision at all distances.

This normal age-related loss of focusing at near (e.g., difficulties seeing fine print) begins to affect individuals after the age of 40.